Risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care: systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35381/s.v.v9i2.4769Keywords:
Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Mechanical ventilation, Intensive care, Risk factors, Systematic review, (Source: DeCS).Abstract
Objectives: To interpret the risk factors that influence ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care through systematic review. Method: Exploratory retrospective observational study through systematic literature review. Inclusion criteria: articles from 2017 to 2022, Spanish/English language, adult population. Descriptive and analytical studies, reviews, and meta-analyses on risk factors for VAP were analysed. Results: Mechanical ventilation was the most significant factor, present in 8 of the 10 studies reviewed. A stay in the ICU longer than 15 days constituted a significant risk. Comorbidities such as diabetes and COPD were predominant in 3 studies. Other factors identified: airway management, intubation, secretion aspiration, patient transfer, tracheotomy, use of vasopressors, nasogastric tube insertion, and healthcare personnel care. Conclusions: Mechanical ventilation represents the main risk factor for VAP, followed by length of stay in the ICU.
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